Which procedure is used to remove the outer layer of hardened plaque from teeth?

Scaling is the procedure specifically designed to remove hardened plaque, commonly known as tartar, from the surfaces of teeth. It involves the use of specialized instruments, such as hand scalers or ultrasonic devices, to effectively eliminate this buildup from both above and below the gum line. This is a crucial aspect of dental hygiene, as hardened plaque can lead to gum disease and cavities if not properly managed.

Polishing, on the other hand, focuses on smoothing the surfaces of the teeth and removing extrinsic stains after scaling has already been performed. Curing refers to the hardening process of dental materials used in restorative procedures, while etching is a process used to prepare tooth surfaces for bonding by creating a conditioned surface for better adhesion of materials. Hence, scaling is the appropriate choice when it comes to removing hardened plaque, distinguishing it from these other dental procedures.