Which of the following is considered the first stage of periodontal disease?

Gingivitis is the first stage of periodontal disease and is characterized by inflammation of the gums. It typically results from the accumulation of plaque, which is a sticky film of bacteria that forms on teeth. During this stage, the gums may appear swollen, red, and may bleed when brushing or flossing, but there is usually no loss of bone or tissue that supports the teeth.

In gingivitis, the inflammation is usually reversible with proper oral hygiene practices, including regular brushing and flossing, as well as professional dental cleanings. If left untreated, gingivitis can progress to more severe forms of periodontal disease, such as chronic periodontitis or aggressive periodontitis, where there is more significant damage to the supporting structures of the teeth. Periodontal maintenance refers to the ongoing care provided to patients with a history of periodontal disease to help prevent the recurrence of active disease after initial treatment.