Which dental condition is characterized by gum inflammation?

Gingivitis is characterized specifically by the inflammation of the gums, making it the correct answer. This condition can manifest as redness, swelling, and bleeding of the gums, often resulting from plaque accumulation on the teeth. Gingivitis is typically the initial stage of gum disease and can be reversed through proper oral hygiene practices, such as regular brushing and flossing, along with professional cleanings by a dentist or dental hygienist.

Periodontitis, while also involving inflammation, refers to a more advanced stage of gum disease where the inflammation affects the supporting structures of the teeth, potentially leading to tooth loss if untreated. Caries, on the other hand, pertains to tooth decay caused by the demineralization of tooth structure, and halitosis refers to bad breath, which is not specifically linked to gum inflammation.