What is the primary cause of gingivitis?

The primary cause of gingivitis is plaque accumulation on teeth. Gingivitis is an inflammatory condition of the gums, and it typically arises when plaque, a soft and sticky film of bacteria, builds up on the teeth and is not adequately removed through regular brushing and flossing. The bacteria in plaque produce toxins that irritate the gum tissue, leading to symptoms such as redness, swelling, and bleeding, particularly when brushing.

While hormonal changes, smoking, and genetic factors can contribute to the severity and progression of gum disease, they do not serve as the initiating cause of gingivitis. Good oral hygiene practices, including effective plaque control, are essential for preventing gingivitis and maintaining healthy gums.