What is a common risk factor for developing periodontal disease?

Smoking or tobacco use is identified as a significant risk factor for developing periodontal disease due to its adverse effects on oral health. Nicotine in cigarettes can impair blood flow to the gums, which diminishes the body's healing response. This reduced blood flow makes it difficult for the body to fight off infections, including those that affect the gums. Additionally, tobacco users may have more plaque and tartar buildup, which can lead to gingivitis, the initial stage of periodontal disease. The harmful chemicals present in tobacco products can also contribute to the destruction of gum tissue and bone that supports the teeth.

While excessive sugar intake can contribute to cavities and other dental issues, it is not directly linked as a primary risk factor for periodontal disease in the way that tobacco use is. Lack of dental insurance may affect a person's ability to receive preventive care but is not an inherent biological risk factor. Age above 50 is associated with a greater prevalence of periodontal disease, but it is not as controllable a risk factor as tobacco use. Thus, smoking or tobacco use stands out as a primary and modifiable risk factor for periodontal disease.